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Boost Your Performance:
How and Why to use Creatine

Creatine is a natural substance used to improve sports performance. It may also strengthen the brain, combat neurological conditions, and promote muscle growth. With over 200 years of research, it’s one of the most supported supplements available.

Creatine supplementation enhances lean body mass, power, strength, and performance during high-intensity workouts. It achieves this by increasing phosphocreatine storage, synthesizing ATP rapidly, and shortening recovery time.

Additionally, creatine may improve cellular hydration, nutrient absorption, metabolism, and muscle waste disposal during exercise, all contributing to better performance.

Let’s learn more about creatine and its popularity in the fitness field in this article.

What Does Creatine Exactly Do?

Creatine supplementation is widely recognized for its effectiveness in improving performance during short, intense exercises such as weightlifting and sprinting, boosting strength, power, and muscle mass (Wax 2021, Cooper 2012).

By increasing the body’s creatine reserves, it facilitates the rapid replenishment of ATP, the energy source crucial for muscle contractions. Although its impact on endurance exercises remains somewhat uncertain and it may lead to a slight increase in body mass (Demant 1999, Williams 1998), combining creatine with resistance training has been linked to muscle growth, likely through influencing protein synthesis and muscle formation (Farshidfar 2017; Chilibeck 2017).

Interestingly, creatine’s benefits aren’t restricted to younger individuals, as studies have shown its ability to enhance lean muscle mass and strength in older adults as well (Chilibeck 2017).

However, it’s important to note that responses to creatine supplementation can vary among individuals, with some not experiencing the same positive effects. Consulting a healthcare professional before starting creatine supplementation, especially for those with pre-existing medical conditions, is advisable to ensure safety and efficacy.

Creatine
Kidney

Risks of Creatine

Research into the potential risks and adverse effects of creatine supplementation has produced varied findings. Guingand (2020) discovered no significant adverse outcomes in females using creatine, consistent with the findings of Poortmans (2000) and Kim (2011) who observed no deleterious effects in healthy individuals.

However, Kim (2011) warned against high-dose supplementation in individuals with pre-existing renal disease or those at risk for renal dysfunction. This caution was echoed by Davani-Davari (2018), who advised against creatine use in individuals with underlying kidney diseases.

While creatine supplementation seems generally safe for healthy individuals, it’s essential to exercise caution for those with kidney issues. Additionally, further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects and potential risks associated with creatine supplementation, especially in vulnerable populations.

When and How Much should I take?

Creatine monohydrate, the most commonly used form of creatine supplement, is typically taken in two phases:

  • Loading phase
  • Maintenance phase

During the loading phase, individuals consume a higher dose, usually around 0.3 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, for 5-7 days to saturate their muscles with creatine quickly (Hall, 2013).

Following the loading phase, a lower maintenance dose, typically around 0.03 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, is taken to sustain elevated creatine levels in the muscles (Mesa, 2002).

This supplementation protocol has consistently been shown to enhance performance across various types of exercises, including activities requiring bursts of high-intensity effort (Bemben, 2005).

While research suggests that the timing of creatine intake may not significantly affect its effectiveness, some evidence suggests that taking creatine post-workout during the initial loading phase could help saturate muscle stores more rapidly.

Conclusion

For individuals considering taking creatine supplements, it’s essential to weigh the benefits against potential risks and understand how to use it effectively. Creatine supplementation, particularly with creatine monohydrate, has been consistently shown to enhance performance in short-duration, high-intensity exercises, leading to increases in strength, power, and muscle mass. Creatine is frequently used to increase muscle mass and enhance workout performance, but maybe it is better to consult your physician or medical advisor before starting use of creatine.

< Recommendation by Our Experts>

  • Creatine is a well-researched supplement that enhances short, high-intensity exercise performance by boosting energy availability and supporting muscle growth.

  • While generally safe for healthy individuals, those with kidney issues should avoid high-dose creatine supplementation and consult healthcare professionals due to potential risks.

  • Effective creatine supplementation typically involves a short loading phase followed by a maintenance dose to optimize muscle creatine levels and boost exercise outcomes.

< Reference >

  • Wax B, Kerksick CM, Jagim AR, Mayo JJ, Lyons BC, Kreider RB. Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1915. doi:3390/nu13061915
  • Cooper R, Naclerio F, Allgrove J, Jimenez A. Creatine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance: an update. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2012;9(1):33. doi:1186/1550-2783-9-33
  • Demant T, Rhodes E. Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Exercise Performance: Sports Medicine. 1999;28(1):49-60. doi:2165/00007256-199928010-00005
  • Williams MH, Branch JD. Creatine Supplementation and Exercise Performance: An Update. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 1998;17(3):216-234. doi:1080/07315724.1998.10718751
  • Farshidfar F, Pinder MA, Myrie SB. Creatine Supplementation and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism for Building Muscle Mass- Review of the Potential Mechanisms of Action. CPPS. 2017;18(12). doi:2174/1389203718666170606105108
  • Chilibeck P, Kaviani M, Candow D, Zello GA. Effect of creatine supplementation during resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis. OAJSM. 2017;Volume 8:213-226. doi:2147/OAJSM.S123529
  • De Guingand DL, Palmer KR, Snow RJ, Davies-Tuck ML, Ellery SJ. Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Females Taking Oral Creatine Monohydrate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1780. doi:3390/nu12061780
  • Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Adverse Effects of Creatine Supplementation: Fact or Fiction? Sports Medicine. 2000;30(3):155-170. doi:2165/00007256-200030030-00002
  • Kim HJ, Kim CK, Carpentier A, Poortmans JR. Studies on the safety of creatine supplementation. Amino Acids. 2011;40(5):1409-1418. doi:1007/s00726-011-0878-2
  • Davani-Davari D, Karimzadeh I, Ezzatzadegan-Jahromi S, Sagheb MM. Potential Adverse Effects of Creatine Supplement on the Kidney in Athletes and Bodybuilders. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2018;12(5):253-260.

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